Table 2 Patients with squamous cell carcinoma as primary head and neck cancer
Author, year | Patient No. | Patient age | Primary site, grade | Primary stage | Intervention for primary site | Location of spinal metastasis | Time frame of spinal metastasis | Signs + symptoms of spinal metastasis | Intervention for spinal metastasis | Outcome | Other metastasis | Mortality | Cause of death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ampil, 1994 [31] | 1 | 60 | Hypopharynx SCC | T2 N2 | None | T6 | 0 mo | Back pain, lower limb motor deficit | Laminectomy, adjuvant RT | Significant response | - | 4 mo | - |
2 | 56 | Oropharynx SCC | T3 N3 | Pre-op RT | L3-L4 | - | Back pain, lower limb motor deficit | RT | No response, alive at 5 mo | - | - | - | |
3 | 40 | Oropharynx SCC | T4 N3 | RT | C3-C4 | 0 mo | - | RT | No response | - | 1 mo | - | |
4 | 66 | Larynx SCC | - | Laryngectomy | T9 | - | Back pain, lower limb motor deficit | RT | Complete response, alive at 88 mo | - | - | - | |
Preciado, 2002 [20] | 5 | 50 | Tonsil SCC | T3 N2b | RT (70 Gy), CT (cisplatin, 5FU) | C6, C7, T1 | 6 mo | Grade I: weakness, pain | Decompression, fusion, steroids | Grade 0; full use of arm | Temporal bone, lung | 13 mo | Disseminated disease |
6 | 55 | Base of tongue SCC | T4 N2 | - | C5-C6 | 11 mo | Grade I: weakness, pain | Steroids[Refused RT, surgery] | Grade III; non-ambulatory, pain | None | 3 mo | - | |
7 | 55 | Base of tongue SCC | T4 N2c | - | C5, T2 | 37 mo | Grade I: weakness, pain | RT (20 Gy) with Strontium chloride Sr-89 | Grade 0; improved pain | Lung | 1 mo | - | |
8 | 61 | Parotid SCC | - | - | T11-L5 | 11 mo | Low back pain | RT (2.5 Gy), steroids | Mildly improved pain | None | 2 wk | - | |
9 | 56 | Hypopharynx SCC | T4 N2c | - | T12-L1 | 38 mo | Low back pain | RT (20 Gy), IV dexamethasone | Improved pain | None | 5 mo | - | |
Mendes, 2004 [18] | 10 | 73 | Tongue SCC | T2 N0 | Wide excision | C4 | 4 mo | Neck pain, left arm weakness | RT (20 Gy), CT (cisplatin, 5FU) | Improved pain, continued weakness | Regional | 4 mo | - |
11 | 63 | Vocal cord SCC | T1a N0 | RT (50 Gy) | C5 | 14 mo | Shoulder pain, neck tenderness, weakness | RT (20 Gy) | Moderately improved pain | Regional | 6 wk | - | |
12 | 53 | Pyriform fossa SCC | T3 N2c | CT (cisplatin, 5FU), CR (65 Gy with cisplatin) | C2, C4, T1-T4 | 5 mo | Cervical/ thoracic back pain | RT (20 Gy) | Pain and neurological symptoms initially improved | Skull base, cerebellopontine cistern, right temporal lobe | 4 wk | - | |
Lee, 2007 [32] | 13 | 52 | Tongue SCC | - | RT (60 Gy), CT (cisplatin) | T10 | 11 wk | Numbness, weakness | Steroid, RT | Persisted neuro deficits | Regional | 1 mo | Disseminated disease |
14 | 60 | Tongue SCC | - | Subtotal glossectomy, bilateral neck dissection, reconstruction, adjuvant CT | L2 | 13 mo | Low back pain, weakness | RT | Walk independently | Base of skull | Few wk | Disseminated disease | |
Vahtsevanos, 2007 [33] | 15 | 80 | Lip SCC, G2 | T3 N0 M0 | Wide excision, rim resection, reconstruction | T6-T7, T12-L1 | 9 mo | Intense back pain | RT | - | Auxillary LN | 13 mo | - |
16 | 39 | Lip SCC, G2 | T2 N0 M0 | Wide excision, reconstruction, adjuvant RT (44 Gy) | T10 | 20 mo | - | CT (cisplatin, 5FU) | No response | Multiple foci | 2 mo | - | |
17 | 39 | Lip SCC, G3 | T2 Nx Mx | Wide excision, reconstruction | L4-L5 | 21 mo | - | RT, CT (paclitaxel, carboplatin) | - | Multiple foci | 7 mo | - | |
Törnwall, 2008 [19] | 18 | 44 | Tongue SCC | T1 N0 M0 | Partial glossectomy | T11- | 7 yr | paraparesis | RT | - | Skull base, neck | Few wk | Sepsis |
Yu, 2008 [35] | 19 | 49 | Tongue SCC | T4a N2b M0 | Left radical neck dissection, suprahyoid neck dissection, hemiglossectomy, reconstruction | C5-C6 | 9 mo | Numbness, weakness, pain | Steroid, RT | No response – aggravated intolerable pain | Cervical LN, skull base, lung | 6 wk | - |