Table 3 Summary results of studies that deployed conventional therapeutic modalities in patients with distant metastasis from thyroid carcinoma
Author, Year | Number of patients (% female) | Median age (yrs) at time of symptomatic distant metastatic disease (range) | Thyroid cancer histology (%) | Percentage of Patients with bone/spinal metastasis | Signs and symptoms of distant metastasis/indication for intervention | Intervention for distant metastasis (% of patients) | Other metastases (%) | Main outcome(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schlumberger et al., 1999 | 394 (61.7%) | - | PWD (46.1%), FWD (7.5%), FLD (46.3%) | BM (27.4%), BM + Lung (18.3%) | Pain, swelling, orthopaedic complications | RAI (88%), ERT (35%), surgery (18%), CT (12%) | Lung (54.3%) | 5 year/10 year/15 year survival: 55%/40%/33% |
Pittas et al. 2000 | 146 (58%) | 58.7 | PWD (13%), FWD (12%), Hurthle (6%), UTC (7), PDTC (13%), medullary (4%), lymphoma (2%), unknown (43%) | BM (100%), SM (54%) | Pain (50%), swelling (11.0%), pathologic fracture (4.1%), SCC (3.4%) | RAI (51%), ERT (75%), Surgery (26%), CT (12%) | Other (36%) | 5 yr/10 yr survival: 53%/35% |
Bernier et al., 2001 | 109 (71%) | 63 (20–87) | PWD (17%), FWD (71%), Unknown (12%) | BM (100%), SM (68%) | Pathological fractures (13%), Radiculalgia (4%), SCC (28%), SCC + fracture (6%r | Complete BM surgery (22%), palliative surgery (55%), ERT (36%), SET (31%), CT (2%) | Lung (34%), thyroid (11.%), other (25%) | 5 yr/10 yr/20 yr survival rate: 41%/15%/7%, Mean survival 5.6 years. Remission rate 4%, Mortality 84% |
Petrich et al., 2001 | 107 (28.0%) | 62.1 | PWD (27.1%), FWD (72.9%) | BM (100%) | - | RAI (100%), ERT (14%) | Lung (41.1%) | CR 25 (23.4%), PR 29 (27.1%), PD 53 (49.5%), Mean survival 7.9 yr |
Stojadinovic et al., 2002 | 260 (51.2%) | 58 (5–91) | PWD (58.8%), FWD (34.2%), Hurthle (6.9%) | BM (15%) | - | Surgery (22.7%), + RAI (13.8%), RAI +/− other (54.2%), Other (ERT, CT, supportive) (23.1%) | Lung (32.7%), single site 59 (22.7%), multisite 77 (29.6%) | 5 yr DSS: Complete metastasectomy 78%, Partial resection 43%, Non-operative treatment 46% |
Zettinig et al., 2002 | 41 (58.5%) | 60 +/− 12 | PWD (14.6%), FWD (85.4%) | BM (100%) | Pain (37%), goitre/nodules (51%), dyspnoea (10%) | Surgery (51.2%), RAI (78%), ERT (27%), CT (6%) | - | 5 yr/10 yr survival: 69.2%/38.9% |
Durante et al., 2006 | 444 (62%) | - | PWD (42%), FWD (15%), FPD (41%) | BM (26%), BM and lung (18%) | - | RAI + CT, EBR and/or surgery in indicated BM patients | Lung (52%), other (5%) | 10 yr survival in negative and abnormal study patients, 92% and 19%, respectively. BM only patients required median cumulative I-131 dose of 250 mCi to attain negative studies |
Orita et al., 2010 | 52 (65.4%) | 59 (32–77) | PWD (52%), FWD (48.%) | BM (100%) | Pain (46.2%), mass bone lesions (9.6%), paralysis/numbness (7.7%), fracture (3.8%) | Surgery (21.2%), ERT (75%), RAI (75%), CT (7.7%), Bisphosphonate (34.6%), TSH suppression (36.5%) | Lung (44.2%), pleura (9.6%), brain (5.8%), liver (3.8%) | 5 yr/10 yr DSS: 36%/10% |
Qiu et al., 2011 | 106 (62%) | 53 (12–85) | PWD (41.5%), FWD (49.1%), Follicular variant of Papillary (9.4%) | BM (45.3%), BM + other (54.7%) | Pain (57.5%), pathological fracture (5.7%), SCC (4.7%) | Oral RAI (100%), Surgery (24.5%) | Cervical lymph nodes (16.0%), lung (42.%), other (20%) | 5 yr/10 yr survival rate: 86.5%/57.9% |