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Patients with an oral epithelial abnormality that appeared clinically benign- minimally suspicious- without any obvious etiology such as trauma or infection.
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Patients with medical issues and dental appliances such as orthodontic or other fixed prostheses that could interfere with the examination were excluded.
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Multiple oral lesions.
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Oral lesions suggestive of dysplasia or cancer were excluded.
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Patients with oral lesions that were either submucosal (i.e. cyst or salivary gland tumor) or covered with a clinically intact normal epithelium (i.e. hemangioma or fibroma).
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Pigmented lesions such as nevi and amalgam tattoos as well as lip lesions, specifically on the vermilion border or cutaneous surfaces,
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